Knowledge Data Base | Europe Healthcare Systems and Reimbursement

If Europe wants its citizens to be healthy it must innovate more to deliver better healthcare, to more people in a more efficient manner.

Here an overview about the different Healthcare systems in Europe with some data and comparison on spendings and following topics:

  • Healthcare System Characteristics and Coverage/Insurance
  • Different models e.g. in UK and Germany
  • Country to Country variations in provision and care
  • Different willingness and ability to pay for innovations

If you would like to see more interesting posts, visit our whole knowledge database: https://thaumatec.com/knowledge/

HealthTech Industry Update | Dignose Diseases Via Retinal Scans

AI analyses photos of the eye that were taken with a retinal camera. These analyses are meant not only to screen for eye disease, but also those located throughout the body. 

In fact, the AI can help clinicians screen for more than 140 eye and systemic conditions — some of them cardiovascular and neurological

The company Optain has gained an initial seed investment of $12 million and is an AI company meant to enable earlier disease detection and prevention through retinal imaging.

Some background:

👁️ there are a lot of camera companies out there that can shoot an image through the eye and look at the back of the eye, blood vessels, lesions, the optical nerve and various other features. 

👁️ But not a lot of companies are very good at looking at that from an artificial intelligence and deep learning scenario to figure out which disease states we can predict or screen for by assessing those features.

👁️ The eye can often be a window to a person’s health

👁️ most clinicians lack non-invasive diagnostics and screenings that focus on the eye

👁️ adding a camera to Optain’s product could address this problem

Technology aspects:

📷Technology is based on technology developed by Mingguang He, an Australian clinician researcher

📷Eyetelligence’s technology

📷Eyetelligence’s AI was trained on third party cameras

📷Robust and flexible $15,000 cameras in optometry space

It’s difficult to say when Optain will clear regulatory hurdles and be able to enter the U.S. market, but Dunkel predicts this could happen in 2025. 📷💪

Here the Article by MedCityNews : https://medcitynews.com/2023/05/northwell-retinal-scan-eye-diagnosis-ai/

HealthTech Industry Update | Machine Learning Prediction Model for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Machine Learning Prediction Model for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on Laboratory Markers. Working Model in a Discovery Cohort Study. The Authors aimed to create an IBD machine learning prediction model based on routinely performed blood, urine, and fecal tests.

by Sebastian Kraszewski 1, Witold Szczurek 2, Julia Szymczak 3, Monika Reguła 3 and Katarzyna Neubauer 4*

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, incurable disease involving the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by complex, unclear pathogenesis, increased prevalence worldwide, and a wide spectrum of extraintestinal manifestations and comorbidities. Recognition of IBD remains challenging and delays in disease diagnosis still poses a significant clinical problem as it negatively impacts disease outcome. The main diagnostic tool in IBD continues to be invasive endoscopy.

Based on historical patients’ data (702 medical records: 319 records from 180 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 383 records from 192 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD)), and using a few simple machine learning classificators, we optimized necessary hyperparameters in order to get reliable few-features prediction models separately for CD and UC.

Following methods have been used and topics checked

  • The k-Nearest Neighbour
  • Gradient Boosting Classifier
  • Random Forests
  • Support Vector Classifiers
  • Majority Voting
  • Best Classifiers and Most Important Predictors
  • Model Robustness
  • Web Application Integrated Model

Here the full article and results published by Journal of Clinical Medicine:

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/20/4745

HealthTech Knowledge | HealthTech Standard highlights: IEC and FDA

IEC medical standards series are for basic and functional safety of medical electrical equipment and validating optimal usability of devices. The FDA Standards Recognition Program evaluates consensus standards for appropriateness for the review of medical device safety and performance.

Important International Electrotechnical Commission standards

IEC 60601-1-11:2015 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems for use in the home healthcare environment.

IEC 62353:2014 applies to the testing of medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems, hereafter referred to as ME equipment and ME systems, or parts of such equipment or systems, which comply with IEC 60601-1:1988 (second edition) and its amendments and IEC 60601-1:2005 (third edition).

IEC 62304 is a functional safety standard that covers the safe design and maintenance of software. It provides processes, activities, and tasks to ensure safety. It applies to the development and maintenance of medical device software when the software is itself a medical device.

And here is an important standard from the USA, not to forget if you have to develop e.g. medical devices for this market.

FDA Standards are supplied by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA), which is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, animal foods, and feed and veterinary products.

More information about FDA and the Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) process is topic for another THAUMATEC Knowledge Databse blog post:

https://thaumatec.com/knowledge/blog-posts/healthtech-industry-update-from-the-idea-to-a-medical-device/

HealthTech Industry Update | ChatGPT in Clinical Trials

What role could ChatGPT have in Clinical Trials?

ChatGPT has been named as a co-author on at least four research papers.

With proper management, AI generation could be an invaluable tool in clinical research—but only if we are mindful of the potential risks and biases that may arise from their usage and ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability in their use.

Following important topics have to be considered:

➡️ChatGPT’s potential use in engagement, screening, and more

➡️Potential risks of ChatGPT in clinical research 

➡️Ethical implications of ChatGPT in clinical research

With proper management, AI generation could be an invaluable tool in clinical research.

But only if we are mindful of the potential risks and biases that may arise from their usage and ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability in their use.

Have a deeper look:

What Role Could ChatGPT Have in Clinical Trials? A Bigger One Than You Might Think – MedCity News

If you would like to see more interesting posts, visit our whole knowledge database: https://thaumatec.com/knowledge/

HealthTech Knowledge guide | HealthTech Standard highlights: MDR and ISO

Standards are explicit statements of expected quality in the performance of an activity. 

In the medical and HealthTech sector, they may take the form of procedures, clinical practice guidelines, treatment protocols, critical paths, algorithms, standard operating procedures, or statements of expected health care outcomes. 

These standards will outline the usage, safety, and security requirements necessary for a product or solution.

MDR Medical Device Regulation 

Regulation (EU) 2017/745 is a regulation of the European Union relating to the clinical investigation and sale of medical devices for human use. It repeals Directive 93/42/EEC, which concerns medical devices, and Directive 90/385/EEC, which concerns active implantable medical devices, on 26 May 2021.

These changes impact everyone involved in the EU MedTech space, so it is important to familiarise yourself with the updates.

Our Hints

-The Medical Device Directive alters and enhances the MDR Regulation

-MDR contains alignments with regulations outside the EU (to make global market delivery easier)

-All Medical devices must be re-certified according to the MDR

-Due to this, high costs should be expected going forward, especially for new devices

-Current Class 1 devices (minor level) will be moved to a higher level

-There are fewer certification service points (expect longer waiting times for results/permissions)

-Trial and error applications will no longer be possible 

-Useability is now required (meaning trials will need to be planned and performed in advance of application)

-Certification preparation should be included in the development processes as early as possible 

-Document meticulously and throughout the process (retroactively trying to find and create the requisite documentation is incredibly difficult)

-Hiring a regulation expert is advised

-Networking and knowledge-sharing with other companies and institutions can be helpful

ISO 13485:2016 

specifies requirements for a quality management system for organisations that provide medical devices and related services. 

The aim is to ensure that these products and services consistently meet customer and applicable regulatory requirements.

Our Hints:

-Adopt “SMART” measurement and continuous improvement

-Foster internal audits 

-Implement the requirements within your existing quality system -using a holistic approach

-Focus on corrective and preventive actions 

-Encourage proactive customer feedback

-Organise management reviews

-Conduct careful risk management

-Start the documentation process at the earliest possible stage of the project

The additional relevant ones IEC and FDA are as well important standards and are explained in another THAUMATEC Knowledge blog post.

HealthTech Industry Update | Best Mental Health Apps of 2023

The mental health branch promotes emotional and psychological wellbeing and it is very closely linked to physical and social health.

Mental Health Apps 

are mobile apps designed to help users improve their emotional well-being, become more mindful, and address common mental health issues.

The 10 best mental health apps are :

➡️ affordable

➡️️ user-friendly

➡️️ well-designed

➡️ with few technical glitches

➡️ streamlined therapy scheduling process

➡️ flexible subscription program

➡️ with good tracking features

➡️ including audio guidance and online support sessions 

High-quality therapy apps remove some of the usual barriers to mental health care, while mindfulness apps can help you achieve better focus and productivity.   💪

Here the nominated by Verywellmind :

https://www.verywellmind.com/best-mental-health-apps-4692902

If you would like to see more interesting posts, visit our knowledge database: https://thaumatec.com/knowledge/

HealthTech Industry Update | High-tech hospital uses artificial intelligence in patient care

Observe the patients and find what they really need

Doctors at the University of Florida Health Center are using artificial intelligence to help monitor their patients to find out how to design hospitals, how to tailor the procedures and processes, how to improve patients comfort and treatment. 

The findings will help them develop algorithms that will soon provide besides learning and medium/long term improvement phases even real-time health care recommendations in important real-time situations.

What could be the hospital room of the future?

➡️️ Sensors and cameras track you 24/7

➡️ From vital signs to facial expressions

➡️️ How is light and voice

➡️️ How do you feel

➡️How do you move

➡️ Are you in and out of the bed

➡️ and many other things

More than 350 Gigabytes of data per patient are processed and analysed by AI on the central computer how they are moving, the behaviour, the grimace to decipher complex features, and emotions like e.g. education or hunger. 

Goal is that  the AI can provide real time health care recommendations, reduce paperwork and present it so that humans can easily understand it. 

A new holistic approach   💪

NBC News’ Dr. John Torres on the future of technology in healthcare.

If you would like to see more interesting posts, visit our knowledge database: https://thaumatec.com/knowledge/

HealthTech Industry Update | Carbon neutral Green Hospital

Green Hospital: Carbon neutral thanks to sustainable technology

In light of climate change, the healthcare industry is putting increasing emphasis on sustainability besides digitization and labour shortages. In the future, hospital facilities will be judged by their carbon footprint and their contribution to climate neutrality.

Action to be taken are:

➡️ As a first step, hospitals should calculate their carbon footprint to track all direct and indirect emissions with Tools that can calculate the carbon footprint, business process improvements, and hardware optimization.

➡️ A “Green Hospital” is also a smart facility. That means processes and procedures are efficient, ideally save time and reduce work for the hospital staff. This subsequently lowers stress and creates a more relaxed hospital environment and efficient usage of resources.

➡️ Digital technologies provide significant opportunities to help reduce emissions e.g.

➡️️ Digital controlled recycling systems

➡️ Medical information systems / software

➡️ IT infrastructure / computer hardware

➡️ ️Administrative information systems / software

Unfortunately, outside of panel discussions, decarbonization is not yet an industry priority. 

Decarbonization of healthcare and hospitals is a new and complex issue that necessitates skills and expertise from many different areas. 

https://www.medica-tradefair.com/en/Green_Hospital_Net-Zero_Digitization?utm_source=25-01-2023-2&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=Intro&utm_campaign=Portalnewsletter-2023

Image by David Mark from Pixabay

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HealthTech Knowledge | Remote Patient Monitoring RPM

What is Remote Patient Monitoring?

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a technology to enable monitoring of patients outside of conventional clinical settings, such as in the home or in a remote area, which may increase access to care and decrease healthcare delivery costs.

RPM involves the constant remote care of patients by their physicians, often to track physical symptoms, chronic conditions, or post-hospitalization rehab.

RPM is the method of healthcare delivery that uses the latest advances in information technology to gather patient data outside of traditional healthcare settings.

Remote patient management is about moving more healthcare out of the traditional setting, into the house and where people live, work and play every day.

It is about:

➡️Using technologies to build the bridge that space between the traditional physical setting of healthcare, and where people really want to live every day.

➡️Usage of today’s sleek, consumer-friendly personal tech products.

➡️Strongly resembling the smartphones and tablets so widely used by people around the world today.

➡️RPM platforms which truly leverage technology in a way that makes patients feel comfortable with helping manage their own health.

Key features of RPM:

  • Reliable data
  • Upgraded level of Big Data Analysis with Advanced AI and Machine learning
  • Automation
  • Cyber security
  • Accessibly
  • Cost-effectiveness
  • Promptness

Technological components

  • Sensors on a device that is enabled by wireless communications to measure physiological parameters.
  • Sensors can connect back to a central database by WiFi or cellular communication protocols depending on the manufacturer.
  • Local data storage at patients’ site that interfaces between sensors and other centralized data repository and/or healthcare providers.
  • Centralized repository to store data sent from sensors, local data storage, diagnostic applications, and/or healthcare providers.
  • Diagnostic application software that develops treatment recommendations and intervention alerts based on the analysis of collected data.

RPM is applicable to many diseases and use cases

  • Cancer
  • Pandemic infection diseases e.g. COVID 19
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  • Dementia and falls
  • Diabetes
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Infertility
  • Surgery
  • Telemedicine in prison systems
  • Veterans Health Administration
  • and many others

System Demonstrator Trial in UK started 2008 and achieved

  • 45% reduction in mortality rates
  • 20% reduction in emergency admissions
  • 15% reduction in A&E visits
  • 14% reduction in elective admissions
  • 14% reduction in bed days
  • 8% reduction in tariff costs

Current limitations

➡️RPM is highly dependent on the individual’s motivation to manage their health. Without the patient’s willingness to be an active participant in their care, RPM implementation will likely fail.

➡️Cost is also a barrier to its widespread use. There is a lack of reimbursement guidelines for RPM services, which may deter its incorporation into clinical practice.

➡️The shift of accountability associated with RPM brings up liability issues.

➡️There are no clear guidelines in respect to whether clinicians have to intervene every time they receive an alert regardless of the urgency.

➡️The continuous flow of patient data requires a dedicated team of health care providers to handle the information, which may, in fact, increase the workload. 

➡️Since RPM involves transmission of sensitive patient data across telecommunication networks, information security is a concern. Debate surrounds the potential cybersecurity issues of RPM, including the likelihood of hacks which could pull personal medical data.

What Is Telehealth? What is the difference to RPM?

➡️ Telehealth is where RPM refers to the use of a specific technology to facilitate interaction between clinicians and patients at home.

➡️ Telehealth is a broader term that refers to the entire industry, methodology and technologies that enable that type of healthcare.

If you would like to see more interesting posts, visit our knowledge database: https://thaumatec.com/knowledge/

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